Planar heterojunctions Anatase Atomic force microscopy Planar heterojunction Silicon Aniline and thiophene derivatives Anode H ITO free electrode Organic solar cell Sodium Thin-film solar cells Active layers ATR-FTIR Ftouhi 31P NMR Electropolymerization TIO2 N-doping L Solar cells Ambipolar material Molybdenum trioxide Epitaxy CIGSe Ambipolar organic layer ADSORPTION Thin film Analogue Photoemission spectroscopy CuIn Interfaces X-ray diffraction Characterization Partial shading Arzel Adsorption BaTiO3 BTO 4-ethylenedioxythiophene Electrical properties A Fullerenes Photovoltaics Alkali Back contact Addou Surface morphology Synthesis Bernède Fill factor 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole ADDITIVE E171 Copper indium gallium selenide Absorption spectroscopy Alpha-sexithiophene Electronic structure B Vapour deposition Lamkaouane Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride Raman Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Solar cell Absorption Aluminum-doped zinc oxide GaSe2 Anode buffer layer Titanium dioxide Actinide conditioning ALPHA-AMYLASE Cattin Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments A Interfaces Buffer layers XPS Aqueous colloidal solution J-C CIGS ABSORPTION Alternative module structure Organic solar cells A Nanoparticles Buffer layer Amorphous silica Anatase colloidal solution for printing A Thin films Alternative buffers Thin films 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole Ambipolarity 4-propylenedioxythiophene 2D nanomaterials Photoluminescence M Reverse bias E171 PVD Organic photovoltaic cells Molybdenum oxide Tandem solar cells