Should we correct the bias in Confidence Bands for Repeated Functional Data?
Résumé
While confidence intervals for finite quantities are well-established, constructing confidence bands for objects of infinite dimension, such as functions, poses challenges. In this paper, we explore the concept of parametric confidence bands for functional data with an orthonormal basis. Specifically, we revisit the method proposed by Sun and Loader, which yields confidence bands for the projection of the regression function in a fixed-dimensional space. This approach can introduce bias in the confidence bands when the dimension of the basis is misspecified. Leveraging this insight, we introduce a corrected, unbiased confidence band. Surprisingly, our corrected band tends to be wider than what a naive approach would suggest. To address this, we propose a model selection criterion that allows for data-driven estimation of the basis dimension, balancing the trade-off between bias and variance. The bias is then automatically corrected after dimension selection. Throughout the paper, we illustrate these strategies using an extensive simulation study. We conclude with an application to real data.
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