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Article Dans Une Revue Intensive Care Medicine Année : 2018

Short-course antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients treated for postoperative intra-abdominal infection: the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial

Thomas Lescot
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Alain Lepape
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Joel Cousson
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Gaetan Plantefeve
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Résumé

Purpose: Shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy (ABT) is a key measure in antimicrobial stewardship. The optimal duration of ABT for treatment of postoperative intra-abdominal infections (PIAI) in critically ill patients is unknown. Methods: A multicentre prospective randomised trial conducted in 21 French intensive care units (ICU) between May 2011 and February 2015 compared the efficacy and safety of 8-day versus 15-day antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients with PIAI. Among 410 eligible patients (adequate source control and ABT on day 0), 249 patients were randomly assigned on day 8 to either stop ABT immediately (n = 126) or to continue ABT until day 15 (n = 123). The primary endpoint was the number of antibiotic-free days between randomisation (day 8) and day 28. Secondary outcomes were death, ICU and hospital length of stay, emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and reoperation rate, with 45-day follow-up. Results: Patients treated for 8 days had a higher median number of antibiotic-free days than those treated for 15 days (15 [6–20] vs 12 [6–13] days, respectively; P < 0.0001) (Wilcoxon rank difference 4.99 days [95% CI 2.99–6.00; P < 0.0001). Equivalence was established in terms of 45-day mortality (rate difference 0.038, 95% CI − 0.013 to 0.061). Treatments did not differ in terms of ICU and hospital length of stay, emergence of MDR bacteria or reoperation rate, while subsequent drainages between day 8 and day 45 were observed following short-course ABT (P = 0.041). Conclusion: Short-course antibiotic therapy in critically ill ICU patients with PIAI reduces antibiotic exposure. Continuation of treatment until day 15 is not associated with any clinical benefit
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hal-01816017 , version 1 (21-01-2020)

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Philippe Montravers, Florence Tubach, Thomas Lescot, Benoit Veber, Marina Esposito-Farèse, et al.. Short-course antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients treated for postoperative intra-abdominal infection: the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial. Intensive Care Medicine, 2018, 44 (3), pp.300-310. ⟨10.1007/s00134-018-5088-x⟩. ⟨hal-01816017⟩
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