D. M. Mannino, Epidemiology and global impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, vol.26, issue.2, pp.204-210, 2005.

C. F. Vogelmeier, G. J. Criner, and F. J. Martinez, Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report: GOLD executive summary, Eur Respir J, vol.49, p.3, 2017.

E. Diaz-guzman and D. M. Mannino, Epidemiology and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Clin Chest Med, vol.35, issue.1, pp.7-16, 2014.

I. Blanco, I. Diego, and P. Bueno, Geographical distribution of COPD prevalence in Europe, estimated by an inverse distance weighting interpolation technique, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol.13, pp.57-67, 2018.

N. Roche, F. Dalmay, and T. Perez, Impact of chronic airflow obstruction in a working population, Eur Respir J, vol.31, issue.6, pp.1227-1233, 2008.

, INSERM. Bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO

K. Martin-latry and B. Begaud, Pharmacoepidemiological research using French reimbursement databases: yes we can! Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, vol.19, pp.256-265, 2010.

P. Tuppin, J. Rudant, and P. Constantinou, Value of a national administrative database to guide public decisions: from the systeme national d'information interregimes de l'Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) to the systeme national des donnees de sante (SNDS) in France, Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, vol.65, issue.4, pp.149-167, 2017.

P. M. Calverley, J. A. Anderson, and B. Celli, Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med, vol.356, issue.8, pp.775-789, 2007.

M. Decramer, B. Celli, S. Kesten, T. Lystig, S. Mehra et al., Effect of tiotropium on outcomes in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT): a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, vol.374, issue.9696, pp.61298-61306, 2009.

M. Miravitlles, D. 'urzo, A. Singh, D. Koblizek, and V. , Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review

, Respir Res, vol.17, issue.1, p.112, 2016.

J. A. Cramer, A. Roy, and A. Burrell, Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions. Value Health, vol.11, pp.44-47, 2008.

J. A. Cramer, C. Bradley-kennedy, and A. Scalera, Treatment persistence and compliance with medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Can Respir J, vol.14, issue.1, pp.25-29, 2007.

, Etude épidémiologique sur la BPCO: Synthèse. Ministère de la Santé, 2007.

S. Mueller, T. Wilke, B. Bechtel, Y. S. Punekar, K. Mitzner et al., Non-persistence and non-adherence to long-acting COPD medication therapy: a retrospective cohort study based on a large German claims dataset, Respir Med, vol.122, pp.1-11, 2017.

G. Jebrak, COPD routine management in France: are guidelines used in clinical practice?, Rev Mal Respir, vol.27, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2010.

N. Roche, T. Lepage, J. Bourcereau, and P. Terrioux, Guidelines versus clinical practice in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Eur Respir J, vol.18, issue.6, pp.903-908, 2001.

B. P. Yawn, S. Suissa, and A. Rossi, Appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: the candidates for safe withdrawal, NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, vol.26, p.16068, 2016.

N. S. Breekveldt-postma, J. Koerselman, J. A. Erkens, J. W. Lammers, and R. M. Herings, Enhanced persistence with tiotropium compared with other respiratory drugs in COPD, Respir Med, vol.101, issue.7, pp.1398-1405, 2007.

J. Qian, L. Simoni-wastila, and G. B. Rattinger, Association between depression and maintenance medication adherence among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, vol.29, issue.1, pp.49-57, 2014.

L. Simoni-wastila, Y. J. Wei, and J. Qian, Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease maintenance medication adherence with all-cause hospitalization and spending in a Medicare population

, Am J Geriatr Pharmacother, vol.10, issue.3, pp.201-210, 2012.

T. Agh, A. Inotai, and A. Meszaros, Factors associated with medication adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Respiration, vol.82, issue.4, pp.328-334, 2011.

J. S. Albrecht, Y. Park, and P. Hur, Adherence to maintenance medications among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The role of depression, Ann Am Thorac Soc, vol.13, issue.9, pp.1497-1504, 2016.

L. M. Cecere, C. G. Slatore, and J. E. Uman, Adherence to long-acting inhaled therapies among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), J Gen Intern Med, vol.9, issue.3, pp.1506-1512, 2012.

L. Laforest, I. Licaj, G. Devouassoux, S. Hartwig, S. Marvalin et al., Factors associated with early adherence to tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Chron Respir Dis, vol.10, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02281835

A. P. Yu, A. Guerin, and D. Ponce-de-leon, Therapy persistence and adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: multiple versus single long-acting maintenance inhalers

, J Med Econ, vol.14, issue.4, pp.486-496, 2011.

B. Detournay, C. Pribil, and M. Fournier, The SCOPE study: healthcare consumption related to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in France. Value Health, vol.7, pp.168-174, 2004.

G. Huchon, A. Crochard, and A. Vergnenegre, Prs2 cost of Chronic Bronchitis (Cb) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) in France: the Broncheco study, Value Health, vol.7, p.6, 2004.

C. Laurendeau, C. Chouaid, N. Roche, P. Terrioux, J. Gourmelen et al.,

, Rev Mal Respir, vol.32, issue.7, pp.682-691, 2015.

M. K. Pasquale, S. X. Sun, F. Song, H. J. Hartnett, and S. A. Stemkowski, Impact of exacerbations on health care cost and resource utilization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with chronic bronchitis from a predominantly Medicare population

, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol.7, pp.757-764, 2012.

Y. S. Punekar, S. H. Landis, K. Wurst, and H. Le, Characteristics, disease burden and costs of COPD patients in the two years following initiation of long-acting bronchodilators in UK primary care, Respir Res, vol.16, p.141, 2015.

J. R. Davis, B. Wu, and D. M. Kern, Impact of nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroid/LABA therapy on COPD exacerbation rates and healthcare costs in a commercially insured US population, Am Health Drug Benefits, vol.10, issue.2, pp.92-102, 2017.

A. Khakban, D. D. Sin, and J. M. Fitzgerald, Ten-year trends in direct costs of COPD: a population-based study, Chest, vol.148, issue.3, pp.640-646, 2015.

M. R. Khdour, A. F. Hawwa, J. C. Kidney, B. M. Smyth, and J. C. Mcelnay, Potential risk factors for medication non-adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol.68, issue.10, pp.1365-1373, 2012.

D. L. Vetrano, E. Bianchini, and G. Onder, Poor adherence to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease medications in primary care: role of age, disease burden and polypharmacy, Geriatr Gerontol Int, vol.17, issue.12, pp.2500-2506, 2017.

K. B. Sriram and M. Percival, Suboptimal inhaler medication adherence and incorrect technique are common among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, Chron Respir Dis, vol.13, issue.1, pp.13-22, 2016.

L. Laforest, F. Denis, and E. Van-ganse, Correlates of adherence to respiratory drugs in COPD patients, Prim Care Respir J, vol.19, issue.2, pp.148-154, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01838988

R. Buhl, C. P. Criee, and P. Kardos, Dual bronchodilation vs triple therapy in the "real-life" COPD DACCORD study, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol.13, pp.2557-2568, 2018.

J. Bourbeau, P. Ernst, D. Cockcoft, and S. Suissa, Inhaled corticosteroids and hospitalisation due to exacerbation of COPD, Eur Respir J, vol.22, issue.2, pp.286-289, 2003.

M. Molimard, C. Raherison, and S. Lignot, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and inhaler device handling: reallife assessment of 2935 patients, Eur Respir J, vol.49, issue.2, 2017.

D. Singh, A. Papi, and M. Corradi, Single inhaler triple therapy versus inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting ?2-agonist therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRILOGY): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial, Lancet, vol.388, issue.16, p.31354, 2016.

D. A. Lipson, F. Barnhart, and N. Brealey, Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD, N Engl J Med, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02056333

, DovePress International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, vol.2019, p.14

, International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, vol.117, issue.30, 2020.