This study proposes a fractional-order control for the automatic stabilization of the blood glucose level in Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 patients. The control scheme under study, which is applied to a fractional Extended Bergman’s minimal model (EBMM), combines the feedback form of backstepping technique with three fractional Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems. This allows getting rid of the requirements of the patient parameters knowledge and aims to attenuate the effect of disturbances to the blood glucose level during meal intake. A mathematical analysis has been done to prove the asymptotic stability using a fractional Lyapunov function. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the fractional proposed approach, a comparative study with other methods is presented.